Cultural Development Of Ancient China - 1722 Words

Ella Sarachan 12/3/2015 Ethnography of Tea Background China The origins of tea are rooted in China (Food Timeline). According to legend, the beneficial properties of tea were first discovered by the Emperor Shen Nung in the year 2737 B.C. He drank only boiled water for hygienic purposes, and one day while he drank a breeze rustled the branches of a tree and a few leaves fell into his cup. Creating the first cup of tea. It is challenging to know whether or not the emperor was real or just a part of the spiritual and cultural development of ancient China. China was not unified as an empire until the third century, so it is unlikely emperors existed back then. One thing that is known is that tea was popular in China thousands of years ago. The first written reference of tea is in the third century B.C. A famous surgeon recommended the beverage to patients to increase concentration and alertness. Tea was first written as â€Å"tu† in ancient texts. This caused a good deal of confusion because the same Chinese character was used for both te a and Chinese sow thistles. Between 206 B.C. and A.D. 220 a Han Dynasty emperor ruled that when referring to tea, the characters should be pronounced as â€Å"cha†. From here on, tracing tea’s history became easier because tea acquired its own individual character (Food Timeline). Cultural Significance China The Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906) was often referred to as the golden age of tea (Food Timeline). This was the first time that tea was not onlyShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. The Pilgrimage Of Faxian And Xuanzang To1548 Words   |  7 Pagesan important event in the cultural exchange between China and India because their experiences of pilgrimages have significant effects on not only development of Buddhism in China as well as cultural exchange between China and India. Faxian and Xuanzang actively participated in various Buddhist activities in India. Their travel experiences were maintained in detailed records of their precious books, which are preservation of valuable historical information such as Ancient Buddhism, geography and socialRead MoreARTICLE REVIEW â€Å"A Preservation Framework for Chinese Ancient Book† 1.0. Introduction China is known1500 Words   |  6 PagesARTICLE REVIEW â€Å"A Preservation Framework for Chinese Ancient Book† 1.0. Introduction China is known as one of the largest country that had million numbers of citizens that created lots of historical and cultural legacy that left since thousand years ago. There were lots of the values that remain by the dynasties which are importance for the historical and cultural purpose for the country. According to Chan (nd), from his studies he had stated that China was a country that had tremendous amount of literatureRead MoreThe Importance of Geography to Chinese History1249 Words   |  5 Pageshe. Lack of cultural diffusion is primarily due to the fact that China, for hundreds of years, had little to no outside contact or cultural diffusion with other civilizations of that time. The culprit behind this lack of interaction is primarily China’s many mountain ranges. These massive mountains, such as the Himalayas, provided for a dangerous and unkind terrain, and therefore trade and most contact with others was inhibited (â€Å"Himalayas†). Despite the lack of out side influence, China and it’s peopleRead MoreWine Quality Of Wine Tourism1545 Words   |  7 PagesWine making history can be traced back to fourth century BC. Wine making in China has also last for at least 2000 years. Wine tourism is defined as a special tourist activities related to visit winery and wine producing area thereby obtain broadly feelings and experiences, including wine tasting, wine appreciation, food, touring around wine producing areas and learning cultural and life style of the wine producing area. The activities usually last for one day or more (Zhan Li, 2009). Wine tourismRead MoreHistory and Museum – Instilling National Identity and Multiculturalism by display of History in Museum1711 Words   |  7 PagesChina’s museum from examine several museums in China. China as a communism country usually takes various measure to remain the stability of the country to emphasis the identity of People’s Republic of Chinese other than ethnical identity. â€Å"The museums should promote scientific knowledge and the nations long history while resisting the decadence of feudalism and capitalism†¦ All the museums should be more attractive to people and contribute to the development of community culture, the minister said.Read MoreChinese History : A Old Language1622 Words   |  7 PagesIn a sense, Chinese is a very old language, the earliest characters was nearly 4000 years ago. Chinese characters evolved into different writing forms in its long development history, such as the seal character, official script, regular script and running script. China s earliest writing was pictographic, the aesthetic of calligraphy was based on pictographicï ¼Å' gradually developed to structure and outline. The main form of expression in calligraphy includes true, line, seal, scribe and regularRead MoreDifference Between Eastern and Western Architecture1510 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehensive art , is a solidification of the epic . Both ancient and spiritual civilization , human beings are a cultural form of speace . Architectural expression of a certain outlook on life ,cosmology , aesthetics and thus a comprehensive reflection of both the characteristics of the times is the concentrated expression of national culture . The difference between Chinese and western architectural forms , the performance of cultural differences . It reflects the difference between physicialRead MoreInfluencing Chinese International Students Academic Adjustment822 Words   |  4 PagesInfluencing Factors of Chinese International Students’ Academic Adjustment As mentioned in the introduction, this research seeks to understand Chinese students’ academic adaptation and cross-cultural learning experiences in Canadian universities. In the previous chapter, Hofstede’s (1991) five cultural dimensions were identified as a means of explaining how Chinese students learn differently from their American counterparts, and they were offered as a theoretical framework to guide the researcherRead MoreEssay1115 Words   |  5 PagesSince china is seeing a rapid economic development in the past few decades, we have also heard about the environmental and other issues related to the development of the country. Since I came to china for study, I got the opportunity to learn more about the success of china’s economic development as well as the negative externalities of the development and also the problem related to higher population. I have also learned about Chinese culture, language, the interesting dynasties (kingdoms) and theRead Mo reThe Cultural Analysis Of Outdoor Leisure Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesChapter Five: The Cultural Analysis of Outdoor Leisure in the Select Field Cities 1. Introduction In the last chapter, the development of outdoor leisure practices in the selected cities is in tamed with the transformations of Chinese government economic strategies. With increasing disposable money, overall increased spare time compared with Maoist era, health conscious as well as the negative consequences caused by modernization in terms of high pressure of working condition with high trade-off

Surveillance Cameras As An Invasion Of Privacy - 1367 Words

Surveillance Cameras as an Invasion of Privacy The book 1984 by George Orwell is one of the most powerful warnings ever issued to caution the dangers of a totalitarian society. The book describes the worst type of society ever imagined. Until recently, many have overlooked George Orwell’s warning. Today, surveillance cameras are used not only by the government, but also by individuals and businesses as well. They can be seen going anywhere, and they affect everyday lives in one way or another. The growing use of surveillance cameras has led to a large rise in privacy issues. Surveillance cameras are an invasion of privacy and cause more problems than they solve. There are many threats that already exist from the past, no matter how many times one has deleted it. Previous experiences will always follow, no matter how long it has been. For example, in 2006 psychotherapist Andrew Feldmar drove from Vancouver to pick up a friend in Seattle, something he had done many times before. Nonetheless, a guard decided to do an Internet search and he discovered an academic journal Feldmar wrote five years earlier in 2001. It was revealed to the guard that Feldmar had taken LSD in the 1960s. The guard held him for four hours, fingerprinted him, and requested that he sign a statement that he had taken the drug. Eventually, Feldmar was barred from entering the United States (Golbeck, 2014). The sole purpose the guard said he did an Internet search on the man was because he wasShow MoreRelatedVideo Surveillance: Effective Crime Protection Tool or Invasion of Privacy?973 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Surveillance: Effective Crime Protection Tool or Invasi on of Privacy? Video cameras were seen as a great invention in technology when they were first created. They provide peace of mind for people in any area where crimes can be committed. They also provide hard evidence against people who commit certain crimes (Haering, Venetianer, and Lipton 279). In some cases, they serve as deterrents against people committing certain crimes. For example, if a shoplifter sees video cameras installedRead MoreLaw Enforcement Cameras an Invasion of Privacy1083 Words   |  5 Pageslaw enforcement security cameras in public areas, with central London having more cameras than any other city. In cities like New York, Los Angeles, and central London, cameras can be found at almost every intersection. Terrorist attacks have been a major basis for this significant increase in law enforcement security cameras; however, privacy advocates, along with many of the public, feel that it’s an invasion of privacy. People are concerned that all this video surveillance, which is continuouslyRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Civil Rights Act1746 Words   |  7 Pagespractice also satisfies the State, who has interest in protecting clear evidence of proper due process procedures and statements given. In instances where states aim to protect victims under different circumstances, for example individuals using cameras to harass others; states must adapt and utilizes laws already at their disposal. â€Å"18 USC  § 2510-2516 addresses wire-tapping and privies protection against illegally tapping someone’s telephone, and 47 USC  § 223 of the Communication Decency Act prohibitsRead More Technology and the Invasion of Privacy Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesTechnology and the Invasion of Privacy As citizens of America we are all entitled to our rights of privacy. When something threatens this guaranteed privacy we tend to take extra precautions to prohibit prolonged violation. As the advancing world of technology continues to grow and expand, so do the amount of cases involving privacy invasion. Technology drives these privacy-invading crimes; however, crime also drives technology, creating a vicious cycle. Without technology an invader couldRead MorePrivacy Infringement by Surveillance Technology1042 Words   |  5 Pagesof the CCTV’s cameras and with the changing technology trends, the government has started to store the public database and the other activities through internet i.e. the government is trying to switch over e-governance. But inspite of such development and advancement, the surveillance technology is in the controversy of infringement of the individual’s privacy. So, the presentation will cover the perspectives on how the surveillance technology has infringed the individual privacy. The paper hasRead MoreLaw Enforcement Cameras Are An Absolute Invasion Of Our Privacy980 Words   |  4 Pagesenforcement cameras Would you like to be watch at any time, under any circumstances? Law enforcement agencies across the United States and around the world are moving toward body-worn camera technology to strengthen evidence documentation and transparency which can improve both prosecutions and community trust. Agencies want to understand important issues surrounding this technology including policy, privacy and compliance, and how they can benefit from the untapped benefits beyond the camera that canRead MoreVideo Surveillance Has Used For Capture Images People Faces848 Words   |  4 Pages Through history as time went by video surveillance has been used to capture images people faces. The reason for this is because this has become the top way of getting answers to criminal actives. Video surveillance are cameras that are install throughout cities, business, community’s etc. video surveillance also knowns as CCTV are used to broadcast current activities which are then sent to a computer system which records the active that happened. Read MoreSurveillance And The National Security Agency1729 Words   |  7 Pages There are all different types of surveillance now-a-days. The thought of it has come a long way and it has evolved significantly. There are many pros and cons as to surveillance in today’s world. Also, there are many different ways that technology allows people to get surveillance on many different things such as people, where they go, who they talk to, private information, and so much more. Surveillance and security in the United States has also changed significantly since September 11th, 2001Read MoreThe Nsa s Prism Program Information Without Public Knowledge1079 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment has a right to access unlimited amounts of information without public knowledge, has been a popular topic of debate among not only our nation, but others as well. This all started when Edward Snowden, a former National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance analyst, told the world that the NSA had a program that was using the servers of U.S internet companies to gather information. Snowden leaked a document, detailing his findings about the NSA’s PRISM program retrieving information from prominentRead MorePublic Surveillance Impinging on Our Privacy and Assist for Crime Prevention1620 Words   |  7 PagesPUBLIC SURVEILLANCE IMPINGING ON OUR PRIVACY AND ASSIST FOR CRIME PREVENTION In the modern world there have been a lot of technological advances within societies. Technology concerns about security and surveillance has changed the thoughts of people. This surveillance technology consist of spying video cameras, CCTV security and surveillance cameras, surveillance electronic communications, face recognition and many others. Some people think this technology is okay while others carry a different

Buddismhindhism Essay Example For Students

Buddismhindhism Essay Hinduism and Buddhism have different similarities and are in some ways connected to each other. Some of the practices of the two religions are similar in various ways and there are several examples to show this. Hinduism first started in India around 1500 BC. The word Hindu comes from the Sanskrit word sindhu, or river. The Hindu community define themselves as those who believe in the Vedas, or also those who follow the way, or dharma, of the four classes and the stages of life. The four classes being the varnas and the stages of life being the ashramas. Like Hinduism, Buddhism also started in India. It is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is called the Buddha or the Enlightened One. Buddhism started a monastic movement in the Brahman tradition. It is generally agreed that the Buddha was born in 563 BC in Kapilavastu to the ruler of a small kingdom. He grew up with luxuries and had a sheltered life. When he was 29 he came to realize that hi life up to this point had been so empty. He let go any earthly attachments and soon set out to find peace and enlightenment trying to steer away from the cycles of rebirths. He started practicing Yoga and adopted a life of radical asceticism. He soon gave up this way of thinking and focused on a middle path between the life of indulgence and that of self-denial. After a time of great inner struggle, he began to wander to different places and preach and organized a monastic community know as the sangha. The Buddha started the movement for all different peoples and denied that a persons spiritual worth is a matter of birth. The Buddha left no written word. His ideas have been put into writings though but his followers. The Cannon for the Buddhist religion is known as the Tripitaka, or Three Baskets, because is has three writings. These are the Sutra Pitaka, which is a collection of discourses, the Vinaya Pitaka, which is the code of the monastic discipline, and the Abhidharma Pitaka, which contains all different philosophical, psychological, and doctrinal discussions and different classifications. The Sutra Pitaka is made up of dialogues between the Buddha and his people and consists of five different texts. The first is the Digha Nikaya, then the Mijjhima Nikaya, the Samyutta Nikaya, Anguttara Nikaya and the Khuddaka Nikaya. The Vinaya Pitaka has over 225 rules of conduct for the Buddhist monks and nuns, each which ha a story to explain. The Abhidharma Pitaka has seven separate works, which include detailed classifications of the psychological phenomena, metaphysical analysis, and a thesaurus of technical vocabulary. Hinduism also has many texts but the most important of all is the Vedas. The oldest is the Rig-Veda, which was developed in an ancient form of the Sanskrit language in northeast India. It consists of 1028 hymns to many gods. Two other Vedas were added to the Rig-Veda, the Yajur-Veda which is a book for sacrifice, and the Sama-Veda which I the hymnal. A fourth book added around 900 BC, which is a collection of magic spells, is called the Atharva-Veda. The Brahmans, long Sanskrit texts, were also composed around this time and the Upanishads were composed around 600 BC. These Vedas and writings are considered revealed canon or shruti, meaning, what has been heard from the gods, and no syllable is allowed to be changed though most Hindus are unaware of the contents of these writings. Most know of the Smriti, or what is remembered. Hinduism is defined by what the people do instead of what they think. Few beliefs are shared by all Hindus, but some are reverence for Brahmans and cows, abstention from meat, especially beef, and marriage within the caste in the hope of producing male heirs. Some others are that most Hindus chant the gayatri hymn to the sun at dawn. Most Hindus worship Shiva, Vishnu or the goddess, Devi as well as hundreds of smaller deities depending on the village one lives in or even a particular family. The Buddhists worship the Buddha and follow the four noble truths. These are (1) Life is suffering; meaning that human existence is really painful from the minute of birth to the time of death. (2) All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment, and grasping that result from such ignorance. (3) Suffering can be ended by overcoming ignorance and attachment. (4) The path to the suppression of suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path, which consists of right views, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right-mindedness, and right contemplation. These eight are divided into three categories: morality, wisdom, and samadhi or concentration. Buddhism also sees human existence as made up of 5 bundles or skandhas. These are the material body, feelings, perceptions, predispositions or karmic tendencies, and consciousness. Buddhists deny that these five bundles are considered an independently existing self or soul or atman, which is taught by the doctrine of anatman, or the denial of a permanent soul. The Buddha felt that all existence is characterized by the three marks of anatman (no soul), anitya (impermanence) and dukkha (suffering). To get rid of the Idea of the rebirth cycle of existence known as samsara, the Buddha taught the doctrine of pratityasamutpada, or dependent origination. Close to this belief is the doctrine of karma, which is a persons acts and their consequences. He believed that peoples actions lead to rebirth, where good deeds are rewarded and evil deeds are punished. The process that goes along with the idea of karma is through a kind of natural moral law rather then than the idea of divine judgement. I t is believed that a persons karma determines things like ones species, beauty, intelligence, wealth, and also social status and that different types of karma determine rebirth as animal, human, a hungry ghost, a denizen of hell, of even a Hindu god. Buddhism does not actually deny the existence of gods but denies them any special role. They are not to be believed in control of human destiny or to have been the creators of the universe and Buddhism also denies the value of prayer and sacrifice to them. All Hindus acknowledge the existence and importance of a number of gods and demigods, but he three most popular are Shiva, Vishnu, and the Goddess. Shiva is the deity of renounces, especially of the many Shiava sects that imitate him. These are Kapalikas, Pashupatas, and Aghoris. Shiva is also the deity that is said to have appeared on earth in various human, animal and vegetable forms. Vishnu, to his worshipers, is all-powerful and supreme. He is believed to be the god from whose navel a lotus sprang giving birth to Brahma, the creator. Vishnu created the universe by separating the heavens and the earth and has rescued it on a number of Occasions. He is also worshiped as a number of incarnations, some being, the fish, the tortoise, and the boar. Others are the dwarf, the man-lion, Rama-with-an-Axe, Kalki, Rama, Krishnu, and Buddha, who became incarnate in order to teach a false doctrine to the pious demons. Then there is the goddess Devi, who is believed to command the male gods to do the work of creati0n and destruction. She is also known as Durga and Kali, the Black and she is worshiped by the Shaktas, those devoted to Shakti, the female power. She is also seen as wives of great gods. She is known as Lakshmi, the meek wife of Vishnu and Parvati, the wife of Shiva. Why Study Biology EssayBuddhism also sees human existence as made up of 5 bundles or skandhas. These are the material body, feelings, perceptions, predispositions or karmic tendencies, and consciousness. Buddhists deny that these five bundles are considered an independently existing self or soul or atman, which is taught by the doctrine of anatman, or the denial of a permanent soul. The Buddha felt that all existence is characterized by the three marks of anatman (no soul), anitya (impermanence) and dukkha (suffering). To get rid of the Idea of the rebirth cycle of existence known as samsara, the Buddha taught the doctrine of pratityasamutpada, or dependent origination. Close to this belief is the doctrine of karma, which is a persons acts and their consequences. He believed that peoples actions lead to rebirth, where good deeds are rewarded and evil deeds are punished. The process that goes along with the idea of karma is through a kind of natural moral law rather then than the id ea of divine judgement. It is believed that a persons karma determines things like ones species, beauty, intelligence, wealth, and also social status and that different types of karma determine rebirth as animal, human, a hungry ghost, a denizen of hell, of even a Hindu god. Buddhism does not actually deny the existence of gods but denies them any special role. They are not to be believed in control of human destiny or to have been the creators of the universe and Buddhism also denies the value of prayer and sacrifice to them. All Hindus acknowledge the existence and importance of a number of gods and demigods, but he three most popular are Shiva, Vishnu, and the Goddess. Shiva is the deity of renounces, especially of the many Shiava sects that imitate him. These are Kapalikas, Pashupatas, and Aghoris. Shiva is also the deity that is said to have appeared on earth in various human, animal and vegetable forms. Vishnu, to his worshipers, is all-powerful and supreme. He is believed to be the god from whose navel a lotus sprang giving birth to Brahma, the creator. Vishnu created the universe by separating the heavens and the earth and has rescued it on a number of Occasions. He is also worshiped as a number of incarnations, some being, the fish, the tortoise, and the boar. Others are the dwarf, the man-lion, Rama-with-an-Axe, Kalki, Rama, Krishnu, and Buddha, who became incarnate in order to teach a false doctrine to the pious demons. Then there is the goddess Devi, who is believed to command the male gods to do the work of creati0n and destruction. She is also known as Durga and Kali, the Black and she is worshiped by the Shaktas, those devoted to Shakti, the female power. She is also seen as wives of great gods. She is known as Lakshmi, the meek wife of Vishnu and Parvati, the wife of Shiva. The different gods are worshiped in different ways. The most fundamental ceremonies for every Hindu involve the rites of passage or samakaras. These rites begin with birth and then the first time that the child eats solid food, usually rice. Other rites are the first haircutting, for a young boy, and for a girl, the purification after the first menstruation. Marriage, the blessings upon pregnancy to produce a male child and a successful delivery, and the funeral ceremonies, which is usually cremation and, if possible, the sprinkling of the ashes in a holy river, and offerings to ancestors are among others. The daily ritual of a Hindu usually consists of making an offering, or puja, of fruit or flowers before a small shrine in the house. This is usually done by the wife because he is believed to have more power to intercede with the gods. She also makes offerings to snakes, trees, or obscure spirits in her garden or at a crossroad in the village. Many villages have small temples where priests perform ceremonies throughout the day. Sunrise prayers are said to awake the gods. The god is bathed, clothed, and fanned and even fed while the remains are fed to the worshipers. Songs are also sung, holy texts are read aloud and sunset rituals are performed. There are also thousands of local temples in existence. These can be anything from a small stone box enclosing a formless effigy swathed in cloth, to a slightly more imposing edifice with a small tank in which to bathe. India also has many large temples as well as complex temple cities. There are many holy shrines that many people from all over India take pilgrimages to. Some shrines are local and others are only visited on yearly special festive occasions. In Buddhism, worship and everyday ritual is a little different. Since the beginning, the followers of Buddha were organized into the monastic sangha. Their shaved heads and robes of unsewn orange cloth could identify the members. The bhikkus, the early Buddhist monks wandered from place to place staying in one place for a while only during the rainy season. They believe enlightenment is only possible for humans. The goal of the Buddhist path is to get released from the existence with its suffering and to attain nirvana, which is an enlightened state in which the fires of greed, hatred, and ignorance have been quenched. Nirvana is a state of consciousness beyond that which has a definition. Buddhism had spread rapidly throughout India, as did Hinduism. Mahayana, a form of the Buddhist religion, and Hinduism began to influence Cambodia by the end of the 2nd century AD. Buddhism was carried to central Asia and spread especially in China then carried into Japan and Korea and flourishes in Tibet. New sects of Buddhism developed over the years including, Chan, or Zen, and the Pure Land, or Amidism. By the 6th century BC, Buddhism began to make its mark in India and what was to be more than a millennium of interaction with Hinduism. Classical Hinduism found an expression under the Gupta Empire. In the 16th century in Bengal, a sect of erotic mysticism was founded. This celebrated the union of Krishna and Radha in a Tantric theology heavily influenced by Tantric Buddhism. In the 19th century many reforms have taken place to bring traditional Hinduism to reconcile with the social reforms and political ideals of the day. Leaders of these reforms are greats such as Mohandas Gandhi and Sri Aurobindo Ghose. Bhimrau Ramji Ambedkar even revived the myth of the Brahmans who fell from their caste and the tradition that Buddhism and Hinduism were once one in order to enable Untouchables to gain self-respect by reconverting to Buddhism.Today both religions are still greatly worshiped and have millions of followers. Buddhism and Hinduism are connected in many ways and still continue to flourish after many, many centuries. Bibliography: